Consumer-grade paintbrushes may be of hog bristle or synthetic filament however, water-based paints, such as latex, perform better when synthetic filament is used. The hollow filament wears out quickly and is difficult to clean but is quite inexpensive. X-shaped filament gives good performance and is a bit cheaper than solid filament. Solid extrusion synthetic filament lasts the longest and cleans up the easiest. Synthetic filament may be of three constructions: solid extrusion, "x-shaped," or hollow. Different synthetics perform better with different kinds of paint so a painter should know the filament material as he or she chooses brushes. Synthetic filament used in paintbrushes are produced by extrusion (in which liquid synthetic is pushed through a mold and thus formed) and may be acrylic, polyester, nylon or amalon which is a very inexpensive petroleum-based synthetic. The most expensive animal-hair brushes are hand-made of sable. Other natural animal hairs used in American brushes include squirrel, goat, ox, badger, and horse-hair. The filament may be either of animal hair and is most often of long-haired hog bristle, However, fine brushes are still individually made by hand with great care at great cost. Specialized machines for mixing, finishing, tapering, gluing, handle-making and attaching brush head to handle over 50 years later. While these factories could produce brushes quickly, the process was not yet mechanized. A source from 1870 notes that the packing, papering, labeling was all completed by boys and girls. Bristle was cleaned and mixed by hand, brush heads were affixed to the spacer by hand-gluing. Before about 1830, nearly all quality brushes were imported but shortly thereafter a number of American companies were founded that could produce paintbrushes rather quickly but without much machinery to assist them. Prior to the development of synthetics in paintbrushes materials such as rattan, whalebone or even shavings of wood were used in place of bristle for painting jobs that did not require much elasticity within the brush. Then, as now, sable brushes were the very best bristle for close hand painting. Nineteenth century histories of manufactures indicate that brushes are of relatively recent development. Very little is known about the invention of the paintbrush. These handmade brushes can be very expensive. Those who require delicate brushes for fine oil or watercolor painting may make their own brushes or purchase them from a specialist who produces them to order. However, the more expensive professional-quality brushes may still be produced in a factory but may be assembled, at least in part, by hand-assembly methods. Most paintbrushes are manufactured in a factory. Handles are of wood or plastic the rounder the brush the easier it is to manipulate the brush for intricate movement.
These synthetics vary greatly in quality and may be used for cheap brushes as well as better-quality brushes. Inexpensive animal hair brushes used in lower grade brushes are of unbleached hog bristle, however, the most expensive animal hair brushes are of sable and are used for delicate hand painting. The filament may be either animal bristle or synthetic and the brush quality largely rests on the differences in these materials. Paintbrushes vary tremendously based on the quality of components used and are specifically constructed for the application of different paints and varnishes upon certain surfaces.
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Thus, there are consumer grade paintbrushes made for the homeowner who is painting small projects, professional grade paintbrushes for the professional house painter who requires a high-quality, long-lasting brush, and artistic grade paintbrushes.
The paintbrush industry categorizes their products based on the user of the product. The brush picks up paint with filament, includes a ferrule that is a metal band that holds the filament and handle together and gives the brush strength, a spacer plug within the ferrule which helps the filament sits tightly in the brush and creates a reservoir for paint, epoxy to lock the filament, and a handle which provides comfort and good balance. A paintbrush is a handheld tool used to apply paint or sealers to paintable surfaces.
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